Preserve the Oak Ridges Moraine :: essays research papers

The Oak Ridges Moraine is one of the last characteristic territories in southern Ontario which we can safeguard for people in the future. The Moraine has numerous regular assets that our city will requirement for what's to come. It additionally is has more than 900 types of creatures, a considerable lot of which are uncommon or imperiled. In conclusion, there are various of different spots to fabricate homes on without hurting twelve thousand years of history. Destroying the lovely Oak Ridges Moraine would be a misstep since it gives numerous common assets, it is home to numerous creatures, and there are different spots to assemble other than the Moraine. The Oak Ridges Moraine gives numerous characteristic assets, and it is urgent to save them, since they assume such a significant job in our nation. Water, is an ideal case of an asset that we certainly can't bear to squander, and the Oak Ridges Moraine is an immediate wellspring of drinking water for in excess of a fourth of a million people. Another asset we have to keep is trees, even idea there are a ton of trees in northern Canada, moving them will take a great deal of time and cash. The moraine likewise shapes headwaters for 4 significant streams, similar to the Don Rouge Humber, and Credit Rivers. We have to safeguard common assets, similar to water, trees, and headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine since they are crucial to our regular living. Inside the moraine there are innumerable types of creatures that will before long be uproots from their habitant. A large number of the animals are imperiled or uncommon, for instance the West Virginia White Butterfly, Jefferson Salamander, Red-bore Hawk, American Ginseng, and the Hooded lark. Placing these creatures in zoos, or unique structures isn't the appropriate response, since they won't have the environmental factors that they are utilized to in nature. Additionally, by building streets in the Moraine, there will be a greater possibility that these creatures are run over, or hit by the approaching vehicles. Taking everything into account, we should protect the Oak Ridges Moraine and its creatures since they are jeopardized they can?t live in zoos, and might be slaughtered by the urban condition. Indeed, even idea the Oak Ridges Moraine is an enticing spot to fabricate, however the city of Toronto has incalculable of different spots to construct homes. One zone that Toronto can expand on is the Major Mackenzie and Keele territory, that land will be effectively utilized, in light of the fact that we are growing the city, and safeguarding the Moraine. Protect the Oak Ridges Moraine :: papers research papers The Oak Ridges Moraine is one of the last normal regions in southern Ontario which we can protect for people in the future. The Moraine has numerous normal assets that our city will requirement for what's to come. It likewise is has more than 900 types of creatures, a considerable lot of which are uncommon or imperiled. Ultimately, there are various of different spots to assemble homes on without hurting twelve thousand years of history. Destroying the delightful Oak Ridges Moraine would be a misstep since it gives numerous characteristic assets, it is home to numerous creatures, and there are different spots to assemble other than the Moraine. The Oak Ridges Moraine gives numerous normal assets, and it is essential to protect them, since they assume such a significant job in our nation. Water, is an ideal case of an asset that we unquestionably can't stand to squander, and the Oak Ridges Moraine is an immediate wellspring of drinking water for in excess of a fourth of a million people. Another asset we have to keep is trees, even idea there are a great deal of trees in northern Canada, moving them will take a ton of time and cash. The moraine likewise shapes headwaters for 4 significant streams, similar to the Don Rouge Humber, and Credit Rivers. We have to save characteristic assets, similar to water, trees, and headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine since they are fundamental to our ordinary living. Inside the moraine there are incalculable types of creatures that will before long be uproots from their habitant. A significant number of the animals are jeopardized or uncommon, for instance the West Virginia White Butterfly, Jefferson Salamander, Red-bore Hawk, American Ginseng, and the Hooded songbird. Placing these creatures in zoos, or unique structures isn't the appropriate response, since they won't have the environmental factors that they are utilized to in nature. Likewise, by building streets in the Moraine, there will be a greater possibility that these creatures are run over, or hit by the approaching vehicles. All in all, we should safeguard the Oak Ridges Moraine and its creatures since they are jeopardized they can?t live in zoos, and might be executed by the urban condition. Indeed, even idea the Oak Ridges Moraine is an extremely enticing spot to manufacture, however the city of Toronto has incalculable of different spots to assemble homes. One territory that Toronto can expand on is the Major Mackenzie and Keele zone, that land will be effectively utilized, in light of the fact that we are growing the city, and safeguarding the Moraine.

Stock Valuation at Ragan Engines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stock Valuation at Ragan Engines - Case Study Example This distinction in P/E isn't legitimized given that Ragan has better income and profits looked at than that of the business for example EPS of $ 5.35 versus $ 1.47 and DPS of $ 2.13 versus $ 0.47 separately. Relative valuation of Ragan puts the company’s stock cost at $ 65.64 which offers a huge upside from the characteristic cost of $ 38.55. One of the measures that Carrington and Genevieve can utilize to expand the cost of their offers before offering them to East Coast Yachts is to hold more income and put resources into the innovative work of extra restrictive innovation. Putting resources into suitable and improved innovation will have the impact of diminishing creation costs for the association, in this way allowing Ragan the chance to deliver fuel sparing motors. Such interest in innovation will empower Ragan to build their benefit projections, consequently expanding the estimation of offers. Notwithstanding that, holding income for interest in increasingly exclusive innovation will give Ragan an edge over its rivals. This edge will make financial specialists in the organization to create idealism, subsequently guaranteeing that the costs of the offers keep up a high worth. These systems, be that as it may, won't increment the estimation of their offers when Ragan neglects to record upgrades subsequent to putting resources into innovation. Since there will be no new innovation to give the organization the serious edge, the estimation of the offers won't increment. One issue is that the stock costs of Ragan have been underestimated on the grounds that it isn't recorded in the protections trade showcase. Ragan has a P/E of 7.21x, while the Industry has a P/E of 12.27x. Ragan posts higher income and worth per share than the remainder of the business. Upon valuation, Ragan’s stock cost is $65.64, contrasted with the figure gave of $38.85. An answer for this issue lays in the reconsideration the estimation of Ragan’s stocks so as to give the genuine estimation of the offers. In the short run,

How to Write a Good Conclusion For an Essay

How to Write a Good Conclusion For an EssayWriting a good conclusion for an essay is something that every student has to learn how to do. Whether it's because of your lack of writing ability or because you think that it isn't necessary, or maybe you just don't understand why you have to write it in the first place, this writing assignment is hard enough without having to learn all the right tips and tricks. Here are some suggestions that will help you along the way. These tips may help you avoid those common 'writing disasters' that end up ruining your writing even before it's begun.The first step in learning how to write a good conclusion for an essay is to understand that you're not going to write one if you aren't ready to begin. Many students think that since they have completed a topic outline that they can move on to the next one without having to actually write it. This is just not true. All essays are different and each will require different techniques and tools to be effect ive.When you sit down to begin writing your essay, don't stop and think about the topic. Make sure that you are focused on this one particular project at the time, and don't ever think about other essays that you've completed before. This can cause a massive change in your writing ability.When writing a good conclusion for an essay, you should make sure that you pay attention to the main body of the essay. If the title of the essay and some other things in the body are easy to remember, then they don't need to be explained in great detail throughout the essay. If they do need to be explained, then provide as much information as possible so that it's easy to read.In addition to paying attention to the main body of the essay, make sure that you also pay attention to the sub-topics that pertain to the main topic. By doing this, you will be able to answer questions that you might have from the beginning of the essay. This will allow you to see if the main idea is strong enough to contin ue the topic on in the form of a conclusion.If you're writing a good conclusion for an essay, you should also pay attention to the beginning of the essay. You should always be able to find places where you have made mistakes or inaccuracies. As long as you can eliminate those two problems, then you can safely move on to the next part of the assignment. Again, you should try to keep the mistakes to a minimum as much as possible, especially since they're very easy to fix if you know what to look for.Finally, you should always consider which side of the main theme you want to represent. Although that sounds obvious, many students forget about this step. By choosing which side of the main theme you want to use, you will be able to correctly represent that idea to the reader.By taking the time to learn how to write a good conclusion for an essay, you'll find that it becomes easier to complete the entire assignment. This process also makes the essay more enjoyable to work on because you'l l get better at handling challenges and you'll find it easier to solve problems. After all, you never know when you might need a little help with a concept like this one!

Young Lonigan by James T. Farrell :: Young Lonigan James Farrell Essays

Youthful Lonigan by James T. Farrell After they had left the parlor, Studs sat by the window. He watched out, viewing the night oddness, tuning in. The haziness was over everything like a comfortable bed-blanket, and all the little hints of night appeared to him as though they had a place with some extraordinary riddle. He tuned in to the breeze in the tree by the window. The road was eccentric, and didn’t appear at all like Wabash Avenue. He watched a man pass, his heels beating a repetitive reverberation. Studs envisioned him to be some criminal being sought after by a criminologist like Maurice Costello, who used to act investigator parts for Vitagraph. He viewed. He thought of Lucy in the city and himself boldly saving her from detestations more horrible than he could envision. (Youthful Lonigan, 62) Studs Lonigan lives in an alternate world from people around him. Chicago exists as various arrangement of sensations for Studs, who cooperatives with his condition in a language unfamiliar to the majority. The warmth and hardness of day are supplanted by the crawling and overpowering non-abrasiveness of the Chicago night; it pushes the sturdiness out of his body, dispenses with the promptness of things and dulls the violence of life as an Irish kid without a future. Farrell composes Studs as a pensive soul who skirts on aesthetic affectability. At the point when he analyzes his condition he is lost its surface and physical presence. He basically doesn't have a place with the city the manner in which it claims the network, the â€Å"people that lived, worked, endured, reproduced, aimed, rounded out their little days, and died† (Young Lonigan, 147). Naturally Studs can't acknowledge the position or possessiveness of the city, yet he is unequipped for escape. It is as much a pie ce of him as he is of it; there is a beneficial interaction at work in Young Lonigan that depends profoundly upon the minutes Studs imparts to the blurring day. Haziness gives us a perspective on Studs’ mind that is seriously close to home and essential to understanding him as a character, yet a portrayal of a creating character and good code. At the point when dimness shows up Studs is progressively defenseless against the two his expectations and his feelings of trepidation. Now and again he is overwhelmed by dreams of agony and hellfire; he is wracked by his Catholic blame and an apparent absence of virtue. â€Å"He puffed and looked about the dim and forlorn spot.

Gas Chromatography Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gas Chromatography - Term Paper Example It is additionally alluded to as gas separator or aerograph. Gas chromatography is not quite the same as different types of chromatography in light of the fact that the arrangements are consistently in gas state as they travel through the section. Maintenance time happens when various mixes separate in the section at various occasions. The gases have distinctive eluting times because of the responses among them and the segment. The gases are currently looked at by their changed maintenance times which enable the gas chromatography to dissect the gases (Eli, pp. 217-220). Chromatography started in 1903 by Mikhail Semenovich Tswett who was a Russian natural researcher. He opened the best approach to gas chromatography. He utilized adsorbents like ethanol and calcium carbonate to elute carotenoids and chlorophylls this saw the utilization of the section chromatography. The establishment of the gas chromatography was later laid by the Nobel Prize champ John Porter Martin. In 1941, he utilized the fluid to fluid strategy and in 1944, paper chromatography which realized gas chromatography. It later prompted the development of fluid gas chromatography in 1950. This has prompted the cutting edge gas chromatography method which is being utilized today as a significant explanatory procedure in science (Colin, pp. 161-165). The portrayal of science, material science and science behind the gas chromatography strategy can be clarified ... This implies it utilizes the latent gases like carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen and argon. For one to pick the transporter gas, the individual in question needs to recognize the sort of locator to be utilized. It has an atomic sifter that strainers out polluting influences and water (Casimir, pp. 139-142). The injector port is a section where the examples are passed in the instrument. The examples shouldn't be enormous and they are to be presented in the section as in the condition of fume. Enormous example infusions can make the band expand along these lines lose goals. The most exact and regular strategy utilized is that of infusing tests through an elastic septum utilizing the smaller scale syringe. The injector is described by a warmed chamber which has a glass liner where the example is gone through the septum. At the point when the injector is utilizing the splitter mode, the transporter gas typically enters the chamber and leaves it by three outlets. At that point the example becomes fume which prompts the arrangement of the blend of transporter gas, disintegrated solutes and solvents. A modest quantity of the blend goes to the section leaving its vast majority to exit through the split outlets. Segments can not enter the section because of the septum cleanse outlet in the instr ument (Sawhney, pp.211-215). The segment is isolated in to two segments; slender and stuffed. The fine is additionally partitioned in to two whereby there is the help or divider covered open rounded (WCOT, SCOT). The divider covered has a fluid covered fixed stage while the help covered one has slim layer of a steady material that ingests the fixed stage. The most productive kind of narrow is the divider covered fine. The combined silica open cylindrical section is viewed as the best as it is a kind of the WCOT.

Writing a Mockers Essay

Writing a Mockers EssayYou can have a to kill a mockingbird essay topics year 10. There are lots of ways to write this.You may have to write a traditional essay on the specific bird or you may find that you have a unique voice to this piece. You want your voice to be different so that it gives the reader an opportunity to learn something new. One idea is to try this:'In November, I was just about to go on holiday to the beach with my friends and we started seeing a bunch of birds and then one began chirping. We all thought they were nuts until it flew off. It came back again later that day to repeat what it had just said and we were worried about the people who were playing golf at the time.I thought this would be quite a good reason to choose to write this year. However, in December, we got a phone call from the homeowners to come and check out some noises in the yard. We found all sorts of weird things and we couldn't figure out what to do about it.The bird that lived there before us was a European starling and they left some old paper trails and we were able to find these tracks that had been made by the bird that lived there before us. I have always been a great bird watcher and watched every single minute of the year.I am just amazed at how fast everything happens when you think about it and how fast things happen when you live your life. It's a good way to inspire a child to look at life and live it. If you have a kid who is studying poetry or wants to study writing, I would suggest you read this essay as a yearbook essay.The main idea is to help them see how they can use the written word to impact the listener and help them grow and develop their craft and become a better writer in the process. There are lots of ways to accomplish this essay will give you some great ideas. In fact, I have started writing a yearbook essay of my own using this idea.'Mockers are not hard to find if you go online. You can take the mockers to school or for an exam in order to stimulate a student's mind and help them think creatively.

Irish Freedom Media

Freedom of the Press and Defamation and Privacy Reform : A model of media freedom for Ireland and Article 40.6 gets some clout? Introduction In the history of Irish Freedom of Expression jurisprudence there has never been any explicit judicial recognition of one model of media freedom as informing judicial decision-making or legislative drafting. It is arguable that a failure to recognise a single formula for media freedom has done disservice to the free expression of media organs especially when confronted with the tort of defamation freedom of expression often having to bow in favour of the right to a good name. In Ireland, the law starts from the premise that the maker of a disparaging statement is liable and [it] starts therefore with an easily established and potentially immense range of liability hence, freedom of expression occupies an inferior position in the lexicon of Irish values, one of those values being the right to a good name. With the introduction of new Defamation and Privacy legislation in Ireland it is envisaged that the developments of both the Irish and European Courts will be reflected in the modernising legislation. Accompanying this development, it would be hoped that the new legislation reflects a robust commitment to a model of media freedom. With particular reference to defamation, a liberalising trend regarding that realm of the law, on an international scale has become discernable over the past twenty of years. Undoubtedly international treaties such as the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) are answerable for this trend. The Defamation and Privacy Bills 2006 could be seen as symptomatic of Ireland honouring its commitment to the European and International covenants to which it has subscribed. This essay will endeavour to decipher the model of media freedom that is evident in the recent case law of the Irish Courts (under the influence of the Strasbourg jurisprudence). Secondly, it will consider the provisions of the new legislation and identify whether or not the new legislation equally reflects such developments. Finally, it will consider whether recent decisions such as Leech v. Independent Newspapers may be leaning towards extending a more generous hand to media organs in their defence of free expression than is currently enshrined in the new legislation. Before applying the theories of freedom of expression of media organs to the Irish context it is appropriate to set-the-scene of Media Freedom in general Ireland: Article 40.6.1of Bunreacht na hEireann guarantees freedom to express opinions and convictions , subject to considerations of public order and morality : The State guarantees liberty for the exercise of the following rights, subject to public order and morality: i. The right of the citizens to express freely their convictions and opinions. The education of public opinion being, however, a matter of such grave import to the common good, the State shall endeavour to ensure that organs of public opinion, such as the radio, the press, the cinema, while preserving their rightful liberty of expression, including criticism of Government policy, shall not be used to undermine public order or morality or the authority of the State. The publication or utterance of blasphemous, seditious, or indecent matter is an offence which shall be punishable in accordance with law. Traditionally, the Irish Courts response to pleas for vindication of freedom of expression has been one of characteristic Common Law scepticism. Indeed, it is clear from the language of the Article that the emphasis in Irish Law is on the limitations to the right of freedom of expression rather than on the right itself. Citizens are supposed to have the right to express freely their convictions and opinions, yet how can they freely exercise this right if it is subject to public order and morality, as stated at the very beginning of the Article?. Furthermore, public order and morality are not the only considerations which work to qualify this right in practice, for example, injury to a persons good name or their privacy will also place limitation on the exercise of Article 40.6.1 It includes enough qualifications to leave in some doubt the commitment of the Constitution to full, democratic, freedom of thought and freedom of speech. The Press is specifically mentioned in Article 40.6. 1 (i), but in a type of parenthesis. The rightful liberty of the press, which includes criticism of government policy, has to be preserved but the education of public opinion is so important that the onus is on the State to ensure that the organs of public opinion are not used to undermine the important values of public order, morality etc. As McGonagle underlines; The formulation is unfortunate and does little to secure media freedoms. The result has been that, until recently, the Courts did not pay much attention to the guarantee of freedom of expression particularly in the media context. Other rights were allowed to take precedence over it. Long-standing common law rules, such as defamation and contempt of court were allowed to operate unperturbed. There are relatively few Irish judicial decisions where Article 40.6.1 (i) is invoked in support of media freedom, examples of the Court considering that ..the matter of the freedom of the press and of communication .cannot be lightly curtailed include X v. RTE , AG for England and Wales v. Brandon Book Publishers and Cullen v. Toibin . McGonagle points that in Ireland, the Constitutional statement on freedom of the press has been considered too weak to have any real impact on the common-law approach to defamation. She contrasts this with the approach of the United States ..with its strong First Amendment commitment to freedom of the press.. which has ..dominated and reshaped the tort of defamation in that country. In Ireland, as a consequence of following the lead of Britain, which does not have a Constitutional guarantee of freedom of expression, the tort of defamation in Ireland operated in a manner (as in Britain) that virtually ignored the existence of our constitutional values protecting freedom of expression. McGonagle points that there was an underlying assumption that the common law of defamation partly codified in the Defamation Act, had got the balance right. This opinion was ill-informed. Irish Law is aimed at achieving equilibrium between three Constitutionally-protected interests: Right of Freedom of Expression (Article 40.6. 1), Right to Communicate (Article 40.3.1) and the Right to a Good Name (Article 40.3. 2). The Defamation Act 1961 mimics the equivalent British legislation and this has meant that Irish libel law has failed to take account of our own Constitutional values, outlined above. The Act makes no attempt to balance the three Constitutional provisions and has operated as a law that assumes that freedom of expression is a bad thing. In 1996 the Constitution Review Group asked The essential question whether the defamation laws effect a fair balance between the right of free speech on the one hand and the need to protect individual reputations on the other?. The answer to their question had been provided a few years earlier by the Law Reform Commission in their Consultation on the Civil Law of Defamation 1991: We believe that current Irish Defamation Law fails to serve each of these interests satisfactorily in many areas. Since the 1991 Report, the jurisprudence of the Irish Courts has moved-on to take account of the influence of ECtHR jurisprudence (since it formed part of Irish Law at sub-constitutional level in 2003) and developments in the common law. In Goodwin v. Hamilton No.2 the Courts intimated that, with respect to Constitutional Rights, good name is not a trump card that takes precedence over all other rights. This could be seen as the first step towards a new constitutionalising of the tort of defamation. This sets the backdrop to the introduction of the Defamation and Privacy Bill 2006. The Irish laws on Defamation and Privacy are long-overdue an overhaul, media law commentators such as ODell have highlighted the acute need for the modernisation of Irish Defamation Law and have criticised the delay of government in instituting this modernisation. McGonagle points that Delay has meant that those affected by defamation, whether as plaintiffs or defendants as well as the public at large have had to soldier on under very outdated laws, drafted at a time when television was only beginning in Ireland and the Internet was not even heard of. It is envisaged that the new Bills spell the end of, as in the case of the Defamation Act 1961, an over-reliance in decision-making by the House of Lords and the introduction of law that better-reflects Irish Constitutional mores and developments of the ECtHR. Both the Defamation and Privacy Bills 2006 have conceptual implications for the status of media freedom in Ireland and together, the Bills acknowledge a model of freedom of the press which has heretofore not been specifically recognised in Irish jurisprudence. Before discussing the model of media freedom that appears to exist in Ireland, it is first appropriate to discuss the different theories of freedom of expression and of the press advanced by various legal scholars. The proper functioning of modern, participatory democracy requires that the media be free, active, professional and enquiring. Barendt discusses four main rationales for the importance of freedom of speech the argument from truth, the argument from self-fulfilment and self-development, the argument from democracy and the argument from freedom from state coercion. Scott has highlighted the importance of not over-emphasising the discreteness of these explanations and moreover, he opines that it is important not to expect that any particular corpus of rights will reflect specific philosophies. Jacob Rowbottom contends that the relationship between the right of expression and media freedom is complex. He advances three well-known justifications for freedom of expression: The first, as discussed by Barendt, justifies freedom of expression as essential to a persons autonomy and self-fulfillment. The second justification is the market place of ideas rationale : ..that minimal government regulation will allow robust debate between citizens that is most likely to lead to the truth. This echoes Miltons idea in Areopagitica in the 17th century when he declared Let Truth and Flasehood grapple; whoever knew Truth put to the worse, in a free and open encounter?. The third justification highlights that freedom of expression is a necessary component of a democratic government. These theories of freedom of expression all overlap and have each been criticised in turn. Rowbottom also points to instrumental justifications such as the medias public function in the dissemination of information as supporting media freedom It is very largely through the media that they (the public) will be so alerted and informed. The proper functioning of modern participatory democracy requires that the media be free, active, professional and inquiring. However, any argument in favour of an uninhibited press must be accompanied with the reminder that the media exercises their freedom in a manner that is different from that of individual speakers and sometimes mass media will use its controlling force to undermine individuals rights to free expression. On this point, Rowbottom quotes from Democracy in the Mass Media where Judith Litchenberg opines that Unlike freedom of speech, to which certain aspects of which our commitment must be virtually unconditional, freedom of the press should be contingent on the degree to which it promotes certain values at the core of our interest in freedom of expression generally. This is redolent of the approach to Article 10 ECHR taken by the Strasbourg Court in Jersild v. Denmark where the special role of the media as a public watchdog was afforded protection. It is now proposed to decipher the model of media freedom which appears to have been embraced by recent jurisprudence of the Irish Courts and the new legislation. A Democratic Model of Media Freedom? Despite the lack of any explicit judicial recognition, it is arguable that in recent years the Irish Courts have moved towards recognising the Democratic Model of media freedom as being the leitmotif of Defamation and Privacy Law. This idea is embodied in the new reforms in the law. The precepts of the democratic model are best illuminated when placed in contrast with the free market model of media freedom: The free market model embraces the Milton Ideal of the Free Market of Ideas where theories succeed or fail on their own merits. It was advocated by Justices Holmes and Brandeis in Abrams v. US where is was declared that..[t]he best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market. The seminal decision of New York Times v. Sullivan provided that the defamation suit taken by a public figure was only sustainable when actual malice on the part of the Defendant was found. The highlights the free-market models focus on the honesty of the person making the statement rather than the truth of the statement. In contrast, the Democratic Model envisages a pedagogical role for the Media. It views the Sullivan-Style immunity for untrue statements as damaging to democracy, the once free market becomes polluted with false information and this licence for false information is viewed as inimical to robust, informed debate by citizens on matters of public interest. This model for press freedom has been embraced in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and in the House of Lords. Irish jurisprudence never truly favoured any one model. The only important role of the media that has been recognised is that of public watchdog(Irish Times v. Ireland [1998]). However, Article 40.6. 1 describes the media as organs of public opinion and recent decisions on defamation and privacy appear to subscribe to the notion of the media as a vital facilitator of citizens debate also. Hence, it is reasonable to conclude that the Democratic Model has most influence on Irish Law: Defamation: Recent high profile cases such as Hunter v. Duckworth [2003] IEHR 81 and Leech v. Independent Newspapers [2007] IEHR 223 are testimony to the Democratic Model informing judicial decision-making. In Hunter, OCaoimh J. endorsed the decision of Nicholls J. in Reynolds v. Times Newspapers liberalising the law of defamation and extending the Qualified Privilege Defence, applying the Reynolds-Style privilege to a publication that the Courts deem to be the product of responsible journalism. He noted with approval Nicholls J.s list of non-exhaustive factors that indicate responsible journalism as well as his focus on the extent to which the subject the subject matter is of public concern. The case concerned two members of the Birmingham Six who claimed they had been libelled by the author and publisher of a booklet entitled The Birmingham Six and Other Cases: Victims of Circumstances. The plaintiffs claimed the inference or innuendo contained in the booklet was tantamount to depriving them of their innocence, despite the quashing of their convictions. The defendant relied on his Article 40.6.1 and 40.3 rights to freely express his opinions. Despite OCaoimh Js strong endorsement of Nicholls Js decision in Reynolds he allowed another Article 40.3 right to take precedence over free speech. He emphasised that reputation is an important part of the dignity of the individual to the extent that he would weigh the balance in favour of reputation in this case. Despite advocating Nicholls Js approach, OCaoimh J. was adamant that while the tort of defamation could act as a disincentive to freedom of expression, so to would any law that tempers that right. The legitimate end of reputation justified the means of restricting freedom of expression. The Hunter case provides a good example of the democratic model of freedom of expression asserting itself in Ireland to the extent that OCaoimh J. displayed enthusiasm for the ten- point indicia of responsible journalism as well as the degree to which a story is of public concern of Reynolds and these factors place emphasis on the accuracy and veracity of a published story hence, it falls into the mould of a democratic model. However the decision can only stand as obiter in this context as the defendant employed the Reynolds decision to support a different argument .. the defendant wanted to protect his opinion and relied on the Reynolds expansion on libel defences by analogy in support of his proposition that his opinion should be constitutionally protected, not that he should be entitled to rely on Reynolds-privilege. The case of Leech [2007] is a better reaffirmation of the expansion of libel defences in Irish Law. . Charleton J.s judgement gave more leeway to media on the libel defence. It copper-fastens the Reynolds defence of reasonable publication/responsible journalism in the public interest to libel actions in Irish Law but Charleton J. also wisely injected some common sense eschewal of technicality, directing attention and analysis away from the ten criteria to the underlying questions of public interest and responsible journalism. The Reynolds defence has been heralded as groundbreaking but subsequent case law revealed that it was being applied in a haphazard manner and had little effect on decisions at First Instance. Cases such as GKR Karate v Yorkshire PostLtd, Grobbelaar v News Group Newspapers and Al-Fagih v HH Saudi Research Marketing (UK) Ltd are illustrative of this fact. It was only with the judgement in Jameel v Wall Street Journal that a welcome clarification was provided to some of the unrealistic attitudes displayed by the judiciary in applying the Nicholls J. ten- point indicia It breathes life into Reynolds, restating, and possibly liberalising the Reynolds approach. It was precisely this attitude that Charleton J. adopted in Leech. He recognised the ten point criteria as a useful guide but not as a determinative tool. He placed the emphasis on the questions of the public interest in the story and whether responsible journalism had been displayed by the defendant. ODell welcomes Charleton Js adoption of the Jameel ratio as first and foremost and his demotion of the non-determinative Reynolds criteria to a secondary place. The judgement further promises liberalising defamation law in its treatment of medias libel defences as a public interest defence.Throughout the judgement, Charleton J. repeatedly asserts the public interest (rather than public importance) of a publication I would rule that a public interest defence can arise where the subject-matter of a publication be it an article or radio or television report, considered as a whole was a matter of public interest I would rule as well that there is a professional duty on the part of journalists to both seek out information that is of a public interest and to impart it to the public and that while that is a matter of professional skill and training, that is also a matter of responsibility. This statement is significant because it asserts that in Irish Law, the press may publish something that is wrong (or not provably right) and they will not be penalised provided they have followed good practice. It levels the pendulum between the right of the public to be informed and the right to reputation. This is affords a very wide defence and it is debatable whether such a wide interpretation would be carried through in the new legislation or whether it would even survive a Supreme Court appeal. While as it stands, Leech remains a fragile precedent, it is a welcome step in recognising a model of media freedom which echoes ECtHR decisions such as Schwabe v. Austria and Bergens Tidende v. Norway. It is to be noted also that the scope of the Constitutional guarantee of media freedom has also been connected to the question of privacy and the public interest as outlined in the recent decision of Cogley v. RTE. In his decision, Clarke J. emphasised the importance of balancing the protection of privacy against the Constitutional requirement that there be a vigorous and informed debate on issues of importance. The public interest in broadcasting the programme in question eclipsed the fact that the information was unlawfully obtained and infringed the privacy rights of individual residents of an Irish nursing home.Clarke J. also warned that the public interest would have to be very significant to warrant interference with the Right to Privacy. The Court must be conscious of ..the fact that It is all too easy to dress up very many issues with an exaggerated and unreal public dimension. The fact that the public interest is a prerequisite for Constitutional protection again nods to a democratic conception of press freedom. The Defamation Bill 2006: (published by Irish Government, July 2006) The new Irish Defamation Bill revises part of the law on defamation in Ireland as well as updates the law to reflect the developments in Irish and ECtHR jurisprudence. It is submitted that its provisions also reflect a democratic model of media freedom. Section 16 of the Bill places the defence of qualified privilege on a statutory footing and more innovatively, the Bill also provides a separate new defence of fair and reasonable publication on a matter of public importance in Section 24. This defence, contained in Section24(1) reflects Nicholls LJs approach in Reynolds. Section 24(2) contains a list of factors reminiscent of Nicholls LJs criteria for responsible journalism. The emphasis on accuracy in s.24(2) rather than pure participation in public debate is indicative of the democratic model. Schedule 2 of the Bill refers to the public interest being served by ..ethical, accurate and truthful reporting by the Press this again echoes the democratic model. The defence contained in S ection 24 has been criticised by academic commentators such as McGonagle and ODell who notes that: The current text of the defence is so hedged that it invites the kind of narrow and rigid parsing that is likely to render it dead on arrival, a statutory dead letter even on the day of its enactment . It is for this reason that ODell welcomes the very wide approach taken by Charleton J. to medias libel defences in Leech. It is submitted that the Leech decision goes even further than the legislative text of Section 24(1). Section 24(2) does not provide a realistically workable defence of fair and reasonable publication. Indeed, it is not desirable that section 24(2) would be invoked in the same rigidly formulaic fashion as the Reynolds indicia (the inspiration of section 24(2). It would be advisable to recast this section in the mould of Charleton Js assertions in Leech which advocated the Jameel correction of the Reynolds defence. The question then remains as to how much of the Leech ratio would survive the enactment of the Defamation Bill. ODell underlines that if the decision had a constitutional basis, it would be harder for the Bills enactment to dilute Leechs effect on the law. Privacy Bill 2006: It is submitted that the Privacy Bill 2006 echoes the Defamation Bill in that it protects media freedom exercised within the parameters of educating citizens on matters of public importance. The newly- created Tort of Violation of Privacy in Ireland indicates that a free market regime of publication does not exist in Ireland. Tort is actionable without proof of special damage and privacy is within the parameters of privacy that is reasonable in all the circumstances having regard to the rights of others and the requirements of public order, public morality and the common good Certain actions that shall amount to privacy include subjecting a person to surveillance, disclosing information or documentation obtained by surveillance without the consent of the individual for financial gain, disclosing diaries etc or harassment. It is to be noted that the Irish LRC were in favour of separate categories of torts of invasion of privacy rather than the rolled-into-one approach mentioned above. Section 4 demands that the Court has regard to a persons office/position when determining their expectation of privacy. Section 5(e) defends an act of newsgathering for a subject of public importance that is fair and reasonable in all circumstances. There may be some problematic implications of the Bills as regards the required public importance and fair and reasonable character of publications. Judges are obliged to review a publication for its public importance but neither Bill gives any definition or guidance on this term. From Cogley, it could be submitted that the term would be afforded an expansive interpretation as that case concerned private individuals the judgement did not insist that the publication be limited to publication concerning elected officials only. Judges recoil from being arbiters of the truth but it is suggested by that they would probably adopt a procedural approach when examining the investigation and accurate presentation (or not) of information to decide whether there was a fair and reasonable publication within the meaning of both new Bills. The adoption of a Press Code as suggested in Section 24(2) Defamation Bill would aid in such adjudication. Without such a guideline, this might have dangerous implications for source protection as considered in recent High Court decision against the Irish Times. That said, it is contended that, while the judges in Mahon held that forcing disclosure of sources in that case was justified under Article 10(2) ECHR and necessary to preserving integrity and confidence in the Tribunal process, the decision must be welcomed as affording strong support to press freedom despite the fact that the decision was quite damning of the conduct of the Irish Times. Dicta from the judgements of President of the High Court, Richard Johnson and Kelly J. and ONeill J. are clearly informed by the importance placed on press freedom by the ECtHR. The judgement acknowledges ..the public interest in the preservation from disclosure of journalistic sources, as an essential prerequisite of a free press in a democratic society?, a principle not recognised as robustly before. The judgement also endorses ..the critical importance of a free press as an essential organ in a democratic society. An essential feature of the operation of a free press is the availability of sources of information. Without sources of information journalists will be unable to keep society informed on matters which are or should be of public interest. Thus there is a very great public interest in the cultivation of and protection of journalistic sources of information as an essential feature of a free and effective press. Conclusion While the provisions of the Defamation and Privacy Bills 2006 are as they stand, imperfect and the law in Ireland is not yet entirely settled (as evinced in the contrast between the decisions in Mahon v. Post Publications and the grounds of the Supreme Court Appeal (announced November 9th) to be taken by the Irish Times against the Mahon Tribunal.) the modernisation and liberalisation of Irish media freedom which they envision is to be commended. They form part of the movement of Irish law towards a democratic model of media freedom. This casts off the shackles of traditional I,rish, common-law scepticism towards freedom of expression. The change has already been signalled in recent decisions of the Irish Courts in Cogley and Leech. However, the success of the libel defences in the new Defamation Bill whether or not they are recast in the language of Leech and the defences in the Privacy Bill, will be largely dependant on individual judges willingness to endorse a democratic model of media freedom. It is submitted that Fennelly Js recent resounding endorsement of freedom of expression gives readers reason to be hopeful on this point : The media are not required to justify publication by reference to any public interest other than freedom of expression itself. They are free to publish material which is not in the public interest. I have no doubt that much of the material which appears in the news serves no public interest whatsoever. I have equally no doubt that much of it is motivated and perfectly permissibly so, by the pursuit of profit. Publication may indeed be prompted by less noble motives. Bibliography Judgments cited: UK decisions: Reynolds v. Times Newspapers [2001] 2 AC 127. Jameel v. Wall Street Journal [2007] 1 AC 359 McCartan v. Times Newspapers[2001] 2 AC 180 GKR Karate v Yorkshire Post Ltd[2000] 1 WLR 257 Grobbelaar v News Group Newspapers [2001] 2 All ER 437. Al-Fagih v HH Saudi Research Marketing (UK) Ltd [2001] EWCA Civ 1634. Ireland decisions: Murphy v. IRTC [1999]IR12 Goodwin v. Hamilton No.2 [1993] 3 IR 307. AG v. Paperlink [1984] ILRM 348 Hunter v Gerald Duckworth Co Ltd. (unreported High Court 31 July 2003 OCaoimh J). Leech v. Indepedant Newspapers [2007]IEHR 223. Cogley v. RTE [2005] 4 I.R. 79. Mahon v. Post Publications [2005] IEHC 307, [2007] IESC 15. Judge Mahon and Others v Keena and Kennedy, [2007] IEHC 348. ECtHR decisions: Murphy v. Ireland (2004) 38 EHRR 13. Jersild v. Denmark (1995) 19 EHRR 1. Schwabe v. Austria (1992) Series A No 204-B. Bergens Tidende v. Norway (2001) 31 EHRR 16. Thorgeirson v Iceland (1992) 14 EHRR 843. Other Common Law Jurisdictions: Abrams v. US 250 US 616 (1919) New York Times v. Sullivan 376 U.S. 254 (1964) Lange v Atkinson [2000] 3 NZLR 385. Lange v. ABC (1997) 147 A.L.R. 96. Hill v. Church of Scientology [1995] 2 S.C.R. 1130 AT 1183 dicta of Cory J. Textbooks: McGonagle, Marie, Media Law, (2003)2nded. Thompson/Roundhall. Fenwick and Phillipson, Media Freedom and the Human Rights Act,(2006) Oxford University Press. Journals cited: Kelly, Deirdre, Bearing Falsewitness against your neighbour: The Evolution, perils and possibilities of the development of Qualifies Privilege in Defamation Law (2007) 7UCDLR109. K Beattie, New Life for the Reynolds Public Interest Defence? Jameel v Wall Street Journal Europe (2007) 1 Euro Human Rights L Rev 81. I Loveland The Ongoing Evolution of Reynolds Privilege in Domestic Libel Law (2003) 14 Entertainment L Rev 178. Hooper The Importance of the Jameel case (2007) 18(2) Entertainment L Rev 62. B Docherty Defamation Law: Positive Jurisprudence (2000) 13 Harvard Human Rights J 12. Wildhaber, The Right to Offend, Shock or Disturb? (2001) 36 Irish Jurist. McDonald, Towards a Constitutional Analysis of non-media qualifies privilege (1989) 11 DULJ. ODell, Does defamation value free expression? [1990] 12 DULJ at 62. McGonagle, Marie, Reforming Media Law in Ireland:Part 1: Defamation and Privacy, (2006) Communications Law ,11(6), 195-200 Rowbottom, Jacob, Media Freedom and Political Debate in the Digital Era (2006)MLR 69(4) 489-513 ONeill, Corporate Freedom of Expression (2005) 27 DULJ 185 Bonnington Reynolds Rides Again(2006) 11 Communications L 147 Hooper The Importance of the Jameel case (2007) 18(2) Entertainment L Rev 62 Loveland The Ongoing Evolution of Reynolds Privilege in Domestic Libel Law (2003) 14 Entertainment L Rev 178, 179. Cram, Reducing Uncertainty in Libel Law After Reynolds v Times Newspapers? Jameel and the Unfolding Defence of Qualified Privilege(2004) 15 Entertainment L Rev 147. Conference Papers/Essays: Carolan, Freedom Of The Press After Defamation and Privacy Reform (paper presented at conference on The Defamation and Privacy Bills 2006 September 2006 at Trinity College, Dublin). Now published in Irish Bar Review November edition. Corbett An Overview of the Privacy Bill 2006 (paper presented at Conference on the Defamation and Privacy Bills 2006 September 2006, Trinity College, Dublin.) Schauer, Is Freedom of the Press a Human Right? Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, and George Eastman Visiting Professor and Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford University. Paper was delivered at the annual Broadcasting, Society and the Law Lecture, delivered at University College Dublin on 25 October 2007, under the sponsorship of University College Dublin and Radio Telefs ireann. Nagle, The interaction between Article 40.6 and Article 10 ECHR after Murphy v. IRTC, Murphy v. Ireland and Hunter and Duckworth.. (December 2003, Trinity College, Dublin) Websites/Blogs: ODell, www.cearta.ie www.mediaforum.ie Scott, Murray, Tambini, Mansell, https://www.lsemediapal.blogspot.com www.oireachtas.ie www.courts.ie www.taoiseach.ie. WWW.IRLII.ORG WWW.BAILII.ORG www.lawreform.ie www.ireland.com www.village.ie Newspaper Articles: OToole Fintan, Caught between Free Expression and protecting citizens from unjust attack, Irish Times, Tues. Oct.21st 2003. Carolan, Mary, Leech judge gives more leeway to media on libel defence, The Irish Times, 30 June 2007. Carolan, Mary, PR adviser faces large bill after libel claim rejected, The Irish Times, 29 June 2007.

Cyberbullying versus Traditional Bullying - 1690 Words

Bullying has been around since the beginning of time. Parents may remember when they were kids and the bully would pick on them or their friends by stealing lunch money or just getting beat up, and that was the end of it. The victims remember the hurt, frustration, and sadness it caused. However, these days, bullying is not just happening on the playground or at the bus stop, it is happening on the Internet and on cell phones, making it possible to bully a child 24 hours a day with multiple bullies and thousands of kids watching. Cyberbullying follows children nonstop and into the safety of their house. Sometimes kids are afraid to inform their parents about the cyberbullying that they will think its there fault. Or that their parents will call the bullies parents or other parents, making the bullying worse. However, the effect and pain that comes from cyberbullying is real. People underestimate cyberbullying, just because it is happening online and not in person. Cyberbullying can l ead to many different factors like drinking, and drugs, poor grades, depression, eating disorders. Many students have even taken their own lives because of another student saying something to them online. Cyberbullying has been taking place a lot more in middle and high schools because of the increased usage of social media networks and technology. Cyberbullying is worse and more harmful than traditional bullying. The first reason cyberbullying is worse than traditional bullying is thatShow MoreRelatedTraditional And Cyberbullying : The Differences And Effects On Children And Learning996 Words   |  4 PagesTraditional and Cyberbullying: The Differences and Effects on Children and Learning In the news, there have been reports told about school shootings over the last several years. When it comes to these school shootings, most of them were committed by students who were being bullied, and wanted the bullying to stop. 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It is also necessary toRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Mental Health And Safety Of Adolescents3354 Words   |  14 Pages Bullying and Cyberbullying Chaya Gitty Chopp Daemen College â€Æ' Abstract The impact of bullying in all forms on the mental health and safety of adolescents is of particular interest, especially in the wake of new methods of bullying that victimize youths through technology: cyber bullying. Its significant link to internalizing difficulties can lead to depression and suicide. Given the ever increasing rate of accessibility to technology in both schools and homes, these findings underscoreRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Different Adults People2469 Words   |  10 PagesBullying can be linked to many negative effects on different aged people. Children that are bullied often experience harmful physical, school, and mental health concerns. 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The American Civil War Is No Exception - 2233 Words

Every war has at least one pivotal point that begs the question, â€Å"What if this event had happened differently?† The American Civil War is no exception. Many Southerners made claims that the winning of the Battle of Shiloh could have won the entire war for the Confederacy. Because they lost, however, debate is still had about who is really to blame for the failure at Shiloh. Many try to pinpoint the blame to one specific factor whether that be the leadership under General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard following General Albert Sidney Johnston’s death, the intel that was far below par, or the equipment the Confederate soldiers had to use. In reality, it was a combination between all these factors that would seal the Confederates’ fate.†¦show more content†¦On April 3, Gen. Johnston mobilized his troops and marched towards Pittsburg Landing where they arrived on April 6 because of road and whether conditions. At 5:00 AM, Johnston launched a surprise attack on the unsuspecting Union camps. Because the divisions that had little to no experience were in the area where the attack was first made, the Confederates quickly broke through many Union lines successfully and wreaked havoc. They stormed the camps and slaughtered many of these men in their tents. The Union forces were pushed back at their flanks. One line, however, stood firm against the Confederate onslaught. General Benjamin M. Prentiss held his line and did not allow the Confederates to break through while fighting in a sunken road that is estimated to be about 3 feet deep in what is known as the â€Å"The Hornet’s Nest† while waiting for reinforcements. By the end of the first day of fighting, it seemed clear that the Confederates dominated the North by inflicting a high number of casualties and had nearly wiped out Grant’s entire force. The South suffered an even more monumental blow that day in the death of General Albert Sidney Johnston. Johnston was fatally shot in the leg just outside the â€Å"Hornet’s Nest† and bled to death shortly thereafter. As a four-star general, he is still the highest ranking officer killed inShow MoreRelatedCivil Liberties During World War II1665 Words   |  7 Pageswere done to Japanese Americans during World War II. --President George H.W. Bush, 1988 Many times in history the Supreme Court has been faced with deciding how to treat civil liberties during war time. This raises the question, what restrictions if any should the court allow during wartime. The court is faced with making the decision on civil liberties during wartime for security reasons, and to protect the rights of the individual. 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Tibetan Silver

Tibetan Silver is the name given to the metal used in some jewelry available online, such as on eBay or via Amazon. These items typically ship from China. Have you ever wondered how much silver is in Tibetan Silver or about the chemical composition of Tibetan Silver? Would you be surprised to learn that this metal can be dangerous? Tibetan Silver is a silver-colored alloy consisting of copper with tin or nickel. Some items described as Tibetan Silver are cast iron that has been plated with the silver-colored metal. Most Tibetan Silver is copper with tin rather than copper with nickel because nickel causes skin reactions in many people. Health Hazards Ironically, the metal often contains other elements that are much more toxic than nickel. It is inadvisable for pregnant women or children to wear items made with Tibetan Silver because some of the items contain high levels of dangerous metals, including lead and arsenic. eBay issued a buyer warning so that bidders would be aware of the metallurgical testing conducted on Tibetan Silver items and the possible toxicity of these items. In six of seven items that were analyzed using x-ray fluorescence, the primary metals in the Tibetan Silver were actually nickel, copper, and zinc. One item contained 1.3% arsenic and extremely high lead content of 54%. A separate sampling of items revealed comparable compositions, with trace amounts of chromium, aluminum, tin, gold, and lead, although in that study, all of the samples contained acceptable levels of lead. Note that not all items contain toxic levels of heavy metals. The warning for pregnant women and children is intended to prevent accidental poisonings. Other Names Sometimes comparable metallurgical compositions have been called Nepalese silver, white metal, pewter, lead-free pewter, base metal, or simply tin alloy. In the past, there was an alloy called Tibetan Silver that actually did contain the element silver. Some vintage Tibetan silver is sterling silver, which is 92.5% silver. The remaining percent could be any combination of other metals, although usually, it is copper or tin.

The Importance Of A Nature Nurture Type Of Primary And...

Abstract: I have examined my role as an employee, and how some of it compares to other roles I personify. The application of a nature-nurture type of primary and secondary socialization are used. Touching on the subject is also the two factor theory, with ideas from Sheldon Stryker. Face-to-face interactions shape my employee identity, however it s more of a face-to-animal interaction. Working collectively with my team has also helped me understand what it means to be an employee, and why this identity carries so much significance to me. Every single person holds many role-identities, even though we may not think about them often. I am a daughter, sister, student, friend, Catholic, a â€Å"mom† to two dogs, a girlfriend, and an employee. I will continue to hold these identities as well as develop more in the years to come. I will soon grow into more roles as a graduate, wife, and possibly mother (sooner rather than later). 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The Vineyard Community Is A Safe Environment For Children...

1. The vineyard community is a safe environment for children between kindergarten through 12th grade between the hours 3 pm- to 6pm. The vineyard is a community center for children where they engage in different actives, where they do their homework, worship and enjoy time together. The vineyard provides a variety of services for the community. One thing I liked about the vineyard is how much the community cares and value the children receive from the volunteers and staff. The mission of the vineyard is that the children from all different schools are brought together for a couple of hours to engage in different activities to learn and grow as a whole. The vineyard has an enormous impact on the community it keeps the children safe, and helping them with their everyday life afterschool. For example, helping them with their homework making the children think about certain situations, also they feed the children dinner which is a very lovely. During my time at the vineyard the populat ion of children I worked with ranged from kindergarten to 3rd graders. I had a lot of one on one time with one 2nd grader who always loved to show me what he could do also what he was struggling with. The vineyard really did bring all the families together. The vineyard is a very positive and safe environment for everyone. 2. I did several activities with several children. One activity I did with a child was connected to using Piaget preoperational stage. Which means the child use ofShow MoreRelatedThe Film American History X1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe film American History X begins with an average American middle-class family; four well-behaved children and two all-American parents living in Long Beach, California. The father is killed in a shooting, leaving his eldest son, Derek, the head of the household. 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Descartes’ Special Causal Principles Essay Example For Students

Descartes’ Special Causal Principles Essay Descartes’ Special Causal Principle      Ã‚  Ã‚   In his Meditations, Rene Descartes attempts to uncover certain truths about existence.   In his Third Meditation, he establishes his special causal principle (SCP).   Descartes uses this principle to explore the origin of ideas, and to prove the existence of God.   I agree that there is much logic to be found in the SCP, but I disagree with Descartes method of proving Gods existence, and in this essay I will explain why.   I will begin by explaining the SCP, and will then demonstrate how Descartes applies this principle to prove that God exists.    I will then present my critique of the SCP, and expose the flaws in both of Descartes proofs with regards to the principle.   A conclusion will then follow.    In Descartes Second Meditation, he established that because he is a thinking being, he exists.   In the Third Meditation, Descartes attempts to build upon this foundation by questioning whether or not anything exists outside of him.   In order to do so, he must distinguish between those of his thoughts that come from outside, and those which only seem to.   The method Descartes uses for this differentiation is the special causal principle (SCP).    At its core, the SCP is a basic cause and effect argument.   Descartes begins his rationale for the SCP as follows:    Now it is manifest by the natural light that there must be at least as much reality in the efficient and total cause as in the effect of that cause.1    There are two major outcomes of this logic.   Firstly, that something cannot come from nothing, and secondly that what contains more reality (or is more perfect) cannot come from something that contains less reality (or is less perfect).   To illustrate this argu. . clusion, there is undeniable logic in the SCP.   Once the SCP is explained to be founded on the ability to recognize self-evident truths, it becomes a reliable principle through which to explore the existence of God.   But the SCP becomes unclear and less distinct when dealing with metaphysical objects such as ideas.   By extending the SCP to ideas, Descartes ventures too far away from his notions of clarity and distinctness.   Had Descartes chosen not to limit himself to his own thoughts as the sole vehicles for exploring whether or not God exists, he would likely have met with much more success.    BIBLIOGRAPHY: Cottingham, John ed.    Meditations on First Philosophy.   Cambridge University Press.   Great Britain; 1997    Notes 1 Paragraph 41 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 Paragraph 43 5 Paragraph 45 6 Paragraph 42 7 Paragraph 51

A beach resort free essay sample

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I am Jocelyn Chang, PR of the Paradise Beach Resort. Welcome to this new beach resort. The Paradise Beach Resort is a golf and beach resort which is a one-hour drive from Kuching. The resort is situated along a beautiful coastline of unspoilt sandy beach fringed by swaying palm trees and crystal-clear water. The hotel lobby is exquisitely designed. The ambience gives visitors a feeling of grandeur and serenity at the same time. There are 120 rooms in our resort. Every room has a breathtaking view from its balcony. The rooms are equipped with five-star facilities such as comfortable and cozy beds, attached bathrooms, piped-in music, television sets, small refrigerators and air-conditioning. Call on our bubbly and friendly staff if you need help. For golf enthusiasts, come and have a round at our magnificent golf course. Dip into our well-designed pool and have a great work out at our gymnasium and squash court. We will write a custom essay sample on A beach resort or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Besides, we have several restaurants serving great sumptuous meals including both local and international food. Guests can also have a barbecue for all or private romantic candle-lit dinners under the stars in the evening. Furthermore, there are many exciting and well-organised activities for our guests. Beach and sea-water lovers, we offer beach volleyball, crab-catching, swimming, jet-skiing, para-sailing, canoeing, scuba diving and surfing. Also provided are indoor games such as squash, aerobics and a variety of boardgames. Guests can also go jogging or cycling on rented bicycles around the resort. In conjunction with our opening, we have promotional offers like family packages and 2-night 3-day offers. This resort is truly a paradise for people of all ages and interests. Grab the opportunity to come to the Paradise Beach Resort for both business and pleasure. For those who are interested, quickly make your inquiries or reservations through our website, www. [emailprotected] com. my. Thank you, ladies and gentlemen for coming.

Essay Writing Prompts For Night

Essay Writing Prompts For NightWriting prompts for night are available online in different forms, like e-mails, newsletters, and books. Some of these prompt are quite useful to develop the writer's ability in a particular field.Reading some book on this topic is also helpful, and more creative writing prompts for night are sometimes published in short essay writing prompts for night. One can easily read that this is a well-known tactic in the internet industry. In fact, many people have started this type of writing online and have been benefited from it.It can be difficult to write an essay or any type of text and be creative enough to use the skills. But, with practice, one will be able to do it. Many have started from the internet and learned the skills of this technique, and many have written a very nice writing using the same idea. And, at the end of the day, this means that they have taken help from someone else who has mastered the skills and the techniques.One of the best teac hing materials on how to write a short essay and the other great thing about it is that the essay writing prompt can be applied to any kind of subjects. It is applicable to write any kind of information, and each one of us has a different life and experiences that we will take into consideration when we write a short essay. If we write such essays as a response to someone's remarks or comments, then it is more meaningful.We must be careful though, as there are also some people who will try to deceive the people by telling them that informative essays or essay writing can be written in one paragraph or within 10 minutes. That is not true. Such an essay is not meaningful because it lacks relevance to the topic.The short essay writing prompt is more significant because it provides an insight to the writer about how he/she should come up with the appropriate solution for a specific problem or dilemma. For example, if you are searching for a certain cure for your diabetes, then, you will need to research a lot about the subject.In the short essay writing prompt, the person will be asked to find out what is the best solution that can give him/her more energy than normal. It is something very simple but very important. When we are able to achieve the purpose, then we can be in the happy state.This is the ultimate way to be creative with writing. These creative writing prompts for night provide some inspiration to the writer to write his/her essay using the content. That means, he/she can get more ideas, thus, making it easier to express his/her views or thoughts.

Research Paper Topics on Spain

Research Paper Topics on SpainResearch paper topics on Spain are plentiful and varied. With so many different aspects to learn about Spain seems like a great place to base your research paper on. The following is a quick guide to the main aspects of this rich and varied country.Spain is a great tourist destination. While it may be true that few people consider going there, it is a beautiful country full of beautiful scenery. If you love nature and see a special spot of interest, chances are that you will want to go there. I'm not saying that you won't see interesting sights in Barcelona, but the vast majority of the country is more than willing to accept tourists.Tourism also plays a part in sustaining the economy of Spain. In fact, many people view tourism as an indispensable part of maintaining Spain's overall development. If you ever find yourself feeling inclined to move to Spain, you may want to consider how vital tourism is to its development. Many large corporations, including many universities, rely on the traffic generated by tourists. It is the main source of employment for the small towns that surround Spain.The economy of Spain is also another important aspect to consider. When you do your research on Spain, you will discover that the Spanish currency is the Euro. In fact, it is the only true world currency (like the US dollar). This gives Spanish companies, particularly the larger ones, a competitive advantage, which can be exploited for your own research paper topic.Even though the economy of Spain is integral to its society, it is also important to consider the social status of the people. Many people in Spain have high educational and socioeconomic levels. For example, many people in the upper class in Spain wear gold and silver jewelry, while those that are middle class tend to be average people in town, who have slightly higher education levels.People have a long history in Spain. When you research on Spain, you will notice that many people ha ve a long family tradition in the country. This means that they have a strong culture and social status. For this reason, they often wear beautiful clothes and use beautiful jewelry. In fact, one of the main pieces of jewelry in Spain is the tortoise shell.It may be possible to find topics on Spain that involve the culture, history, politics, and people of Spain. You can easily search for these topics online. However, if you really want to make sure that you learn about a country, it is important to consider its financial and economic status.Of course, there are different research paper topics on Spain. There are many more things to learn about Spain that you might have not even thought of. Take some time to explore all of your options for topics on Spain.

HSBC Bank Middle East Motivation Models and Workers Performance

Introduction The driving force behind any employee’s increased performance is enthusiasm. Essentially, motivation is the ability to enable employees achieves the desired goal. Therefore, managers have a responsibility of finding the explanations that inspires their personnel to increase their productivity (Andrews and Rose 241).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on HSBC Bank Middle East Motivation Models and Workers Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Studies indicate a correlation that exist enthusiasm and employees’ increased efficiency. In other words, factors that negatively affect motivation of employees in the workplace have also been found to have detrimental impacts on the employees’ productivity. Essentially, enthusiasm at the workplace plays a significant role in influencing individual output since it affects the physical and intellectual potentials of the personnel. Moreover, the maintenance of workers’ motivation enhances the ability of employees to perform the physical and mental responsibilities to the optimal levels. Management relating factors such as compensation system of the organisation, management structure, leadership style as well as other related work processes increases motivation on the employees. The way these factors affect the employees’ productivity remains critical to the attainment of the goals of an organisation. Therefore, understanding the relationship between the motivating factors and the productivity of employees as well as the way related variables affect this relationship is significant to the organisations’ success. As a result, diverse observations have been developed to find out what motivates human resources in the workplace. The paper tends to examine how organisations utilise various motivational models to increases job satisfaction and performance. In particular, the paper tends to evaluate how HSB C bank Middle East is applying motivational theories to motivate its workers in order to attain increased productivity and desired performance. In fact, various factors affect motivation of workers within an organisation. The factors can be understood through the application of various motivational models. Essentially, the report provides an analysis of how various motivation models has been applied by HSBC bank Middle East to achieve the desired workers job satisfaction, increased productivity and performance within the workplace. Besides, the paper hypothesise that HSBC bank Middle East is utilising various motivational theories to achieve the desired workers job satisfaction, increased productivity and performance within the workforce.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Literature Review As indicated, appreciation forms the deepest principle of human nature. In essence, rec ognising the efforts of employees, the provision of succession prospects to the personnel and enhancing job commitment and dedication among employees are ways through which employees can be motivated. Further, the depths of individual human beings as well as their devotion to deliver tremendous output in the operation of an organisation contribute immensely in the competitive ability of the firm (Andrews and Rose 241). In fact, the performance levels of personnel play very significant roles in increasing the firm’s competitive advantage. Several factors affect employees’ job performance. For instance, motivation is considered to influence employee performance. Firms often apply different concepts and models to explain the methods of motivation to increase the employees’ performance. In fact, employees are highly motivated when their interests are taken into consideration. In essence, the driving force behind any employee’s performance is enthusiasm. There fore, any organisation must adopt practices that inspire personnel to increase their productivity. Various organisation models of motivation are explained through a range of suppositions including the process theories of motivation, expectancy and equity theories, human needs and goal setting. Organisations can use the combination of these theories to establish models of motivation. Motivational models Content theories of motivation or the theories of human needs Essentially, the content theories tend to examine the human factors that are likely to motivate employees. Factors such as the human instincts, satisfaction and job characteristics are identified by the theories. Generally, the theory of human needs centers on the workers’ emotional desires. Maslows’ hierarchy of needs, management assumption or the (Theory X and Theory Y), Alderfers’s ERG theory, McClelland’s needs theory and Herzberg’s two-factor theory advance content or theories of huma n needs. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Abraham Maslow put forward the theory centering on the workers’ emotional needs. As a result, there are five levels of needs required by the employees in order to fulfill their wants (Locke 37). The idea proposed a hierarchy of needs varying from essential and physiological needs such as hunger, to the elevated ranked ones including self–esteem as well as self-actualisation. In fact, the recognition of such needs by employers leads to improved outcomes. The benefits offered by the organisation provide essential as well as other needs of the employees. Most importantly, working in the organisation enables employees to achieve self-actualisation. In fact, self-actualisation is attained in various ways within an organisation including the ability to set personal goals and ways through which they can be achieved. The organisation must establish a set of programs that value workers together with their efforts.Advertising We w ill write a custom report sample on HSBC Bank Middle East Motivation Models and Workers Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Herzberg’s two-factor theory Herzberg presented two levels of needs that should be met in order to be satisfied. Herzberg categorised human needs into two factors that include hygiene needs and the motivators. The hygiene needs are the basic needs that have to be met by the organisation to increase workers satisfaction and motivation. On the other hand, motivators are set of needs that are needed to be met in order to increase the employees’ satisfaction. According to Herzberg, the hygiene needs are the dissatisfying or extrinsic factors that should be taken into greater consideration by the organisation in order to satisfy the workers. The extrinsic factors directly relate to motivation and job satisfaction. The extrinsic or dissatisfying factors include administrative policies, supervisio n, working conditions, interpersonal relations salary, status, job security and personal life. Conversely, satisfying or intrinsic factors enhances individual fulfillment. Satisfying or intrinsic factors include achievements, recognition, work processes, responsibility, advancements and growth. Alderfers’s ERG theory ERG motivation theory as advanced by Clayton Alderfer is a simplification of the Maslow’s theory of motivation into three wide-ranging classes. The classes of needs include the existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs. The existence needs are those wants that are necessary for the existence of the individual. The existence needs ranges from psychological to needs required for physical purposes. The relatedness needs are the aspirations that workers require to sustain important interpersonal interactions. The growth needs are the requirements for individual growth and development. McClelland’s needs theory The theory of acquired needs as a dvanced by McClelland asserts that the desires of an individual determine their motivating factors. In other words, employees are motivated differently depending on their needs. According to the theory, employees whose aims are high should be assigned challenging tasks with attainable objectives. Such employees are also supposed to be rewarded for the performance of hard tasks. In support of the changes in the management of employees in the firm, the theory suggests that employees with good relation abilities are high performers in an environment that encourage cooperation. Process theories of motivation Apart from content motivational models or theories of human needs, process theories of motivation look into the processes that influence the employees’ motivation. The processes theories classify internal factors and cognition that influence an individual towards attaining the desired outcome. Process theories have been advanced by Adams equity theory, Vroom’s expectan cy theory and the theory of goal setting.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Vroom’s expectancy theory The expectancy theory as advanced by Vroom asserts that a person become motivated when personal preferences are met. In fact, Vroom asserts that that the expectations of an individual are arranged in order of preferences. The perceived expectation with higher value or outcome should be met in order to enhance personal commitment and productivity. In other words, an employee motivation is determined by personal perception and preference. The theory argues that individuals have diverse personal preferences for various outcomes. Individuals place value on the desired outcome or rewards. Personal preference is the emphasis of receiving the reward. The major weakness of the theory is that the value attached to a goal or reward is subjective since it varies with an individual. Locke’s goal-setting theory Goal setting theory as advanced by Edwin Locke argues that clear goals and appropriate feedback is a powerful motivating factor foe the employees. In other words, the theory is about setting clear goals and the manner in which the goals can help create task and strategies in order to attain the outcome. The model argues that the attainment of the objectives of assigned tasks depends largely on the task performance. According to the model, employees will always pursue challenging and specific tasks with clear feedback. In essence, the set goals define individual employees’ efforts required to perform the given task (Locke 37). The model works well in an environment where employees set their own goals and ways through which such objectives can be attained. Allowing employees to perform own job evaluation also indicate the application of the model. Further, the employees are left to suggest the best ways they can achieve their own objectives. Through the practice, employees are encouraged to be their own leaders and in effect motivate them towards attaining individual as well as the firm’s goals. Other elements of m otivation Even though various models have been advanced to explain how workers can be motivated to achieve the expected outcome through rewards, other factors including monetary and non-monetary also contributes towards enhancing motivation and improved performance. Besides, various models argue that reward systems and methods are critical in determining the workers performance. However, direct compensation in terms of monetary rewards is a significant motivating factor. Compensation system of the firm should be geared towards enhancing the employees’ performance. Forms of monetary compensation such as commissions, piece rate and overtime contribute hugely towards enhancing the workers performance. In other words, the importance of monetary rewards cannot be undermined. Monetary rewards help employees meet the basic and desired needs. Essentially, monetary rewards can be used to induce employees in order to continue working for the organisation. Conversely, non-monetary rewar ds are also applied by organisations to motivate workers towards attaining the desired goal. Non-monetary rewards such as empowerment, teamwork and participation have been found to have greater influence on the employees’ outcome. Empowerment involves allowing workers a greater autonomy on their work processes. In other words, workers should be allowed to have greater freedom and power to control their own working processes. Team working is organising the workers into groups, setting goals and providing rewards for attaining the set goals or targets. Participation involves allowing employees to participate in organisational decision-making process. The non-monetary rewards in employees’ motivation are in line with the Mayo’s theory of human relations. Human relations concept stresses on the importance of society’s requirements to employees’ motivation. In other words, the theory argues that the personnel are not only inspired by the remunerations b ut also by social needs during the execution of responsibilities. The concept concentrates on the bosses’ role of recognising employees as people with valuable views as well as their pleasure in relations with one another (Beck 208). In addition, managers are supposed to put more consideration on employees’ social needs. In reality, employees should be given opportunity to provide suggestions on how they can achieve the objectives of the assigned tasks. The allusion that employees are allowed to set own goals and targets as well as the firm’s responsibility helps workers achieve own set of goals. Further, in a firm, the management teams are supposed to inspire and empower the employees towards the attainment of the set objectives. Analysis The effectiveness of the firm’s motivating practices can be assessed by the conduct and the views of the employees. The employees’ motivating practices enable firms to attain the set objectives. Additionally, the provision of incentives by the firm attracts as well as retains highly skilled and talented employees. Organisations should continue using motivating practices to attract talented employees and enhance their performance. Moreover, the firms should enhance teamwork approach to challenging tasks in order to motivate employees. Embracing teamwork and increased involvement of managers in looking after the interests of workers greatly boost trust and interpersonal skills among the personnel (Beck 208). Concerning the development of trust and interpersonal skills among employees, the organisation should ensure affirmative fairness. In essence, the leader should communicate evaluation standards as well as assessment points to the workforce for fairness and trust among employees. Finally, the firm’s human resources manager should embrace diversity in workplace in order to enhance the motivational effectiveness. The changes that normally occur in the management of employees can be ex plained by Maslow and Herzberg theories of motivation. Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg put forward the theory centering on the workers’ emotional needs. As a result, Maslow introduced five levels of needs required by the employees to have their job complete. The idea proposed a hierarchy of needs varying from essential, physiological such as hunger, to the elevated ranked ones such as the needs of self–esteem as well as those of self-actualisation. Recognition of such needs by employers leads to improved outcomes. In fact, organisations such as HSBC bank Middle East management of employees can be evaluated through the application of the theories. Essentially, whether HSBC bank Middle East has met the needs of the employees can be evaluated from the employees’ perspective. However, HSBC bank Middle East has achieved the prospect of maintaining the employees and increased productivity in the recent past. Just like the other motivation theories, Maslowâ€℠¢s theory is equally vital in explaining the trust the HSBC bank Middle East has build on its employees as well as in rewarding system. Identifying employees’ individual places in the ladder of needs ensures the creation of terms that make it possible for the employees to acquire such needs through their endeavors (Andrews and Rose 291). The firm’s management achieves this through identifying that not all employees move up the hierarchy at the same rate. As a result, the firm is able to offer different set of pay from worker to worker. Assigning power to the workers in making their decisions plays a significant role in developing a sense of trust among them and the company. Maslow’s theory is equally critical in the understanding of the workers needs, which is vital in building trust between the organisation and employees as well as in developing the compensation system. Essentially, identifying employees’ individual places in the ladder of needs enables the organisation to create terms that make it possible for the employees to acquire such needs through their endeavors (Beck 208). In fact, the understanding of the individual employees’ places in the hierarchy of needs enables the management to create motivating terms and increases satisfaction within the workplace. While ensuring that the needs of employees are met, the management should recognise the fact that not all employees can achieve the same needs at the same time. In other words, the organisation should take into consideration each individual employees needs. Motivation-hygiene theory can also be applied to better understand the changes in the employees’ impetus and attitude at HSBC bank Middle East. However, unlike Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the motivation-hygiene theory advanced by Fredrick Herzberg categorises the needs of employees into two major factors that either increases the workers fulfillment or causes redundancy. As indicated, motivation -hygiene theory as advanced by Fredrick Herzberg tends to determine factors that contribute to the fulfillment and frustrations of employees within the workplace (Andrews and Rose 291). Before, organisation such as HSBC bank Middle East pursued human resources management policies that ensured adherence to the firm’s strategies, close supervision, tense relationships between workers and their seniors, tight controls in work processes, low remunerations or compensations based on output as well as poor relations with other workers. However, new changes were implementation that encouraged participatory management in which the firm managed its workforce. In fact, the management considered factors such as the employees’ pursuit for individual achievements, recognition of the workers achievements, employees’ responsibility as well as individual advancement and growth. Essentially, the firm implemented the motivation-hygiene theory as suggested by Fredrick Herzberg. In addition, HSBC bank Middle East also brought changes that were supported by McClelland’s acquired needs theory. In fact, the firm encouraged employees with high aims. Moreover, HSBC bank Middle East recognised employees with increased need for affiliation. Besides, the firm provided top leadership positions to the employees who sought such positions. All these policies are in accordance with the theory of acquired needs as suggested by McClelland. The theory of acquired needs assert that the desires of an individual determine their motivating factors. In other words, employees are motivated differently depending on their needs (Andrews and Rose 291). According to the theory, employees whose aims are high should be assigned challenging tasks with attainable objectives. Such employees are also supposed to be rewarded for the performance of hard tasks. In support of the changes in the management of employees in the firm, the theory suggests that employees with good relation abil ities are high performers in an environment that encourage cooperation. Another important theory that can be used to explain the management of workforce is the ERG theory advanced by Alderfer. Clayton Alderfer simplifies the Maslow’s theory of motivation into three wide-ranging classes. The classes of needs include the existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs. The existence needs are those wants that are necessary for the existence of the individual. The existence needs ranges from psychological to needs required for physical purposes (Andrews and Rose 291). The relatedness needs are the aspirations that workers require to sustain important interpersonal interactions. The growth needs are the requirements for individual growth and development. Meeting both the relatedness and growth needs ensures increased satisfaction, which leads to increased productivity. In fact, the HSBC bank Middle East should understand the various desires of its employees and put in place t he rewarding systems that ensured satisfaction of the needs. The implementations of these measures are in line with the ERG theory. Moreover, the ERG theory implies that managers should not concentrate on one type of need rather they should be considered as whole for workers to be motivated. Managers at HSBC bank Middle East should ensure that employees’ needs are considered and the remuneration system satisfies the needs of employees. The firm should also provide a work environment where employees’ growth and development are to be enhanced. Through the application of Elton Mayo’s theory of human relations, the organisation should study the productivity levels of different groups of employees. For example, increased employee recognition, consultations as well as offering them an opportunity to give response leads to easy decisions concerning remuneration (Beck 201). In addition, embracing teamwork and increased involvement of managers in looking after the intere sts of workers greatly increase trust and interpersonal skills among the personnel. Therefore, a firm should restructure itself taking into consideration the significance of recognising workers’ interests. According to various models, the workplace environment plays significant roles in motivating employees (Grant and Gino 949). In other words, workplace environment contributes significantly in increasing the level of motivation. Considering other factors of motivation, the type of relationship workers have with their superiors contributes hugely to their motivation and productivity (Grant and Gino 949). Essentially, the type of relationship workers have with their immediate supervisors determines the level of performance and productivity derived from motivation towards the work processes. The relationship between workers and the managers is a critical determining factor affecting employees’ motivation within the workplace. Besides, the relationships within the workfor ce also play a significant role in ensuring that the desired outcome is achieved. Besides the relationship workers develop with fellow workers also determine the level of motivation. In other words, relationships developed within the workforce affect their motivation levels. The findings underscore the assertion that relationships generated within the organisation have greater influence on the general performance of employees as well as the organisation. Essentially, the relations between the employees and management as well as between the employees play a critical role in motivating the workforce. Another important factor that has come out clearly to be affecting employees’ motivation is compensation. Compensation remains critical in determining the employees’ performance and productivity (Ismail 927). In fact, increased productivity result from the enthusiasm workers have on the assigned task. Compensation and motivation of workers have a direct relationship. In othe r words, compensation directly influences workers motivation, which in turn affects performance and productivity. Other related factors such as promotions, annual vacations as well as security have been found to be motivating. Regarding job promotions, maintaining fairness in the distribution of promotion as well as other benefits is motivating. Unfairness results in reduced motivation and performance (Ismail 927). Most of the studies indicate that over employees greatly consider fairness in the distribution of promotion as well as other compensation benefits practiced by the organisation. Actually, fairness is a critical attribute of compensation practices that ensure job satisfaction among employees. In other words, in order to achieve the motivational objective, the compensation method as well as related factors such promotions must be perceived as being fair by the employees. In this case, fairness implies that employees perceive the overall policy of the organisation regarding compensation benefits and promotions as reasonably representing their contributions to the goals of the organisation (Ismail 927). Essentially, job satisfaction is a perception among employees particularly where the general organisation practices are perceived to be fair. The findings on other related compensation practices such as annual vacations, job security and the manner in which employees are remunerated such as paychecks indicate the importance of compensation practices to employees’ motivation. In fact, the practices increase the job satisfaction among employees (Schoeffler 349). As indicated, job satisfaction is primarily derived from the motivation. Further, the study indicates that highly motivated workers are more satisfied on their jobs than employees who are not motivated. As such, annual vacations, job security and the manner in which employees are compensated remain critical factors influencing employees’ motivation. The appreciations of workersâ€℠¢ contributions to the attainment of the organisation goals have significant and direct influence on workers performance (Schoeffler 349). In fact, studies on employees motivation indicate that appreciation of employees’ contribution to the organisation greatly influence their motivation. Managers and immediate supervisors should acknowledge the contributions of workers in order to motivate them towards the attainment of desired outcomes. Moreover, training and being acquainted with the work processes was also cited as important motivating factor. Appropriate training on how to undertake the assigned tasks motivate employees and increase their performance. Appropriate training enables employees be knowledgeable about the assigned tasks and increases their efficiency as well as effectiveness in attaining the desired results (Grant and Gino 951). Ensuring that employees get the required technical skills is critical in increasing their motivation and performance. Conclusion Many factors affect motivation among employees within the organisation. However, workplace environment, compensation and the relationship between employees and management remain critical factors that influence motivation. The relationship between motivation and work performance is direct. The likelihood of attaining increased performance on motivated employees is very high. In other words, there is greater possibility of attaining increased performance on highly motivated employees. On the other hand, compensation increases job commitment and satisfaction, which are critical in determining the performance of employees. Moreover, management structure, practices and leadership styles culminate all the organisation’s work processes that motivate, increase satisfaction and job commitment leading to increased performance. Works Cited Andrews, Abbye and John L. Rose. â€Å"A Preliminary Investigation of Factors Affecting Employment Motivation in.† Journal of Policy and Practice, 7.4 (2010): 239-244. Print. Beck, Robert C. Motivation: Theories and Principles. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2000. Print. Grant, Adam and Francesca Gino. â€Å"A Little Thanks Goes a Long Way: Explaining Why Gratitude Expressions Motivate Prosocial Behavior.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 98.6 (2010): 946–955. Print. Ismail, Azman. â€Å"Relationship between Performances features and job satisfaction: Does interactional justice act as a mediating role?† Academy of Management Journal, 35.5 (2007): 921-955. Print. Locke, Edwin A. â€Å"Toward a Theory of Task Motivation and Incentives.† Organisational behavior and human performance, 3.2 (2008): 30-76. Print. Schoeffler, Bill. â€Å"Employee incentive plans: Make them worthwhile.† Insurance Journal, 4.2 (2005): 345-357. Print. This report on HSBC Bank Middle East Motivation Models and Workers Performance was written and submitted by user Amy Mcpherson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.